The hundreds, even thousands, of proteins found in venom include toxins, neurotoxins in particular, as well as nontoxic proteins (which also have pharmacological properties), and many enzymes, especially hydrolytic ones. Proteins constitute 90-95% of venom's weight and are responsible for almost all of its biological effects. These venoms have been studied and developed for use as pharmacological or diagnostic tools, and even drugs.
Some of the proteins in snake venom have very specific effects on various biological functions, including blood coagulation, blood pressure regulation, and transmission of nerve or muscle impulses. Enzymes in venom play an important role in the digestion of prey, and various other substances are responsible for important but non-lethal biological effects. The complex mixture of proteins, enzymes, and various other substances with toxic and lethal properties. Venom contains more than 20 different compounds, which are mostly proteins and polypeptides. The venom is stored in large glands called alveoli in which it's stored before being conveyed by a duct to the base of channeled or tubular fangs through which it's ejected. The glands that secrete zootoxins are a modification of the parotid salivary glands found in other vertebrates and are usually located on each side of the head, below and behind the eye, and enclosed in a muscular sheath. Snake venom is injected by unique fangs during a bite, whereas some species are also able to spit venom. This also provide defense against threats. Snake venom is a highly toxic saliva containing zootoxins that facilitates in the immobilization and digestion of prey.
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